Physical Tests:

The Following Physical Tests are Generally Required.
• Elongation Index
• Flakiness Index
• Crushing Value
• Impact Value
• Sieve Analysis
• Los Angeles Abrasion Value
• Specific Gravity & Water Absorption
• Dry Loose Bulk Density
• Passing 75 micron
• Soft Fragments

Chemical Tests:

The Following Chemical Tests are Generally Required.
• Soundness Test
   o This Test is conducted when the Water Absorption of Coarse Aggregate > 2%.
• Alkali Aggregate Reaction:
   o Some times the aggregates are reactive to alkali, hence this test should be  conducted  once.

      Elongation Index:

• OBJECTIVE: To Determine the Elongation Index of Course Aggregate.
 
• Units of Measurement: Elongation Index is define as percentage of total weight of aggregate retain on the various length gauges  to the total weights of sample gauged.

• APPARATUS REQUIRED:

a. Elongation apparatus (Length Gauge)	1 No.
b. Digital balance (Accurate to 0.1% of Test Sample)	1 No.
c. Thermostatic Oven	1 No.
d. Sieve – As shown in table No-1	1 No.

 

 

 

• ACCESSORIES: Enamel Tray 2Nos. for each fraction passing from I. S. Sieve.

• STANDARD: Method of Test References.

• EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION
a. Length Gauge
b. Drying Oven
c. Digital Balance

• SAMPLING:
Required quantity of Sample shall be prepared by quartering as received from client / Customer.

• MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
200 pieces of any fraction passing from particular I. S. Sieves.

• ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
At Ambient Temperature & Relative Humidity.

• EQUIPMENTS PREPARATION:
a. Arrange the required IS Sieves in sequence from top to lower as per size of Aggregate to be analyzed for Elongation Index.
b. Clean all the associated equipments prior to commencing the test.
c. Check the Sieve Shaker in case if used for test for its operation of jarring, Rotation and required timing.

• METHOD OF TEST:
a. Sample to be tested shall be Oven dry for 24 hour at the temperature of 100- 110-º c.
b. The sample shall be sieved according with the following table.
c. Take at least 200 pieces retained on each sieves & weigh as given in the table with accuracy of the 0.1% of the total weight of the sample taken.
d. Pass the fraction through Length gauge in accordance to size & each fraction retained shall be weighing accurately 0.1% of the total weight of the sample taken.

Table No-1

• CALCULATION:

Elongation index = (Weight of total retained Aggregate / Weight of total Aggregate Taken) x 100

• CALIBRATION / VERIFICATION:
Periodical Check of Drying Oven, Weighing Balance, Length Gauge and any other equipments for which Calibration / Verification is applicable should be conducted.

• SOURCE OF ERROR:
Fraction should not be press by force through the Length gauge and through the aperture of IS Sieves.

• REPORT:
Elongation index is the total wt. Of the Aggregate retained on the various length gauge, expressed as a percentage of the total wt. Of the sample gauge to nearest whole numbers.

• SAFETY:
Drying oven or any other electrically operated equipment shall be checked for earthling and proper connection etc periodically and always handle by using proper safety equipments accessories
________________________________________

FLAKINESS INDEX:

SCOPE:
a. OBJECTIVE: DETERMINATION OF FLAKINESS INDEX OF COARSE AGGREGATE.
b. UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS: Elongation Index is define as percentage of total weight of aggregate retain on the various length gauges to the total weights of sample gauged

2. APPARATUS REQUIRED:

a. Flakiness apparatus (Thickness Metal Gauge) 1No.
b. Digital balance (Accurate to 0.1% of Test Sample) 1No.
c. Thermostatic Oven 1No.
d. Sieve – as shown in table No-1 1No.

3. ACCESSORIES:
Enamel Tray 2Nos. for each fraction passing from I.S.Sieve.

4. STANDARDS USED:
IS: 2386 (Part I) –1963 Reaffirmed 1997

5. EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
a. Digital Balance
b. Oven
c. I. S. Sieves

6. SAMPLING:
Required quantity of Sample shall be prepared by quartering as received from client / Customer.
MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
200 pieces of any fraction passing from I. S. Sieves.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
At Ambient Temperature & Relative Humidity.

8. METHOD OF TEST:
a. The sample shall be oven dry at 110 ± 5 ° C for 24 hours.
b. The sample shall be sieved according with the following table.
c. Take at least 200 pieces retained on each sieves & weigh as given in the table with accuracy of the 0.1% of the total weight of the sample taken.
d. Pass the fraction through thickness gauge in accordance to size & each fraction passing shall be weigh to the accurately of 0.1% of the total weight of the sample taken.

Table No-1

9. CALCULATION:

Wt. of total passing aggregate
Flakiness index = x100
Wt. of total aggregate

10. CALIBRATION / VERIFICATION:

Periodical Check of Drying Oven, Weighing Balance, Thickness Gauge and any other equipments for which Calibration / Verification is applicable should be conducted.


11. SOURCE OF ERROR:
Pressing of Fraction by force through the Thickness gauge and through the aperture of IS Sieves.


12. REPORT:
Flakiness index is the total wt. Of the Aggregate Passing through the various thickness gauge, expressed as a percentage of the total wt. Of the sample gauge to nearest whole numbers.
13. SAFETY:
Drying oven or any other electrically operated equipments shall be checked for earthling and proper connection etc periodically and always handle by using proper safety equipments accessories

________________________________________
CRUSHING VALUE:
1. SCOPE:
a. OBJECTIVE: DETERMINATION OF CRUSHING VALUE OF AGGREGATE.
b. Units of Measurements: 1.The Crushing Value of aggregate is the weight of Fines formed to the total sample weight in test shall be expressed as Percentage. 2. The 10% Fines shall be expressed as the load required to produce 10 % fines in Tones or KN.

2. APPARATUS REQUIRED:

a. Steel Cylinder with open ends, and internal diameter 15cm 1 No.
b. Plunger with piston diameter 15cm, 1 No.
c. Cylindrical measure (internal diameter 11.5cm and height 18cm) 1 No.
d. Steel tamping rod (diameter 1.6cm and length 45 to 60cm) 1 No.
e. Digital balance accurate to 1grams. 1 No.
f. Compressive testing machine capable
applying a load of 40tonnes per 10minutes. 1No.
g. Sieves 2.36mm & 12.5mm IS sieve and 10mm IS sieve. 1No.
h. Oven 1No.

3. ACCESSORIES:
a. Screwdriver 1No.
b. Hammer 1No.
c. Wire Brush 1No.
d. Enamel Tray 1No.
e. Oven 1No.

4. STANDARDS USED:
IS 2386 (IV) – 1963 Amendment No – 3 – 1983.

5. EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
a. IS Sieve
b. Oven
c. Balance
d. Compressive Testing Machine

6. SAMPLING:
The required quantity of sample shall be prepared from sample as received from client/ Customer by quartering.
MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
6.50kg Aggregate For Two Tests.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
At Ambient temperature & Humidity.

8. METHOD OF TEST:

CRUSHING VALUE:
a. The aggregate passing 12.5mm sieve and retained on 10mm IS sieve is selected for the standard test. (W1)
b. The aggregate should be in oven dry condition before testing not exceeding for 4Hrs.
c. Cool it on room temperature.
d. The cylindrical measure is filled by the test sample of aggregate in three equal layer of approximately equal depth, tamped it in 25 times by the tamping rod.
e. Using the tamping rod as straight edge levels off the top of the cylindrical measure.
f. One third of the test sample is placed in the cylinder and tamped it 25times by the tamping rod. Fill it on the cylinder in three times and each layer should be tamped by 25 times.
g. The cylinder with the test sample and plunger in position is placed on compression testing machine.
e. Load is then applied through the plunger at a uniform rate of 4tonnes per minute until the total load is 40tonnes, and then the load is released
f. Pass the crushed aggregate with 2.36mm IS sieve. The materials, which pass from 2.36mm IS sieve is collected & weighed accurate 1gram (W2)

METHOD OF TEST FOR 10% FINE VALUE:

a. The test specimen for the test shall consist of aggregate passing 12.5mm and retained on 10mm.
b. The aggregate shall be tested in surface dry or oven dry for four hours at 100 to 110°C.
c. The cylinder of the test apparatus shall be put in position on the base plate and the test sample added in third, each third being subjected to 25 strokes from the tamping rod.
d. The surface of the aggregate shall be carefully leveled and the plunger inserted so that it rests horizontally on this surface, care being taken to ensure that the plunger does not jam in the cylinder.
e. The apparatus, with the test sample and plunger in position, shall then be placed in the compression-testing machine. The load shall be applied at a uniform ate so as to cause a total penetration of the plunger in 10 minutes of about:

i. 15mm for rounder of partially rounder aggregates (For examples – crushed gravels)
ii 20mm for normal crushed aggregate
iii 24mm for honeycombed aggregates (for examples, expanded shales and slags)

f. After reaching the required maximum penetration, the load shall be released and the whole of the material removed from the cylinder and sieved on a 2.36mm IS sieve.
g. The fine passing the sieve shall be weighed, and this weight expressed as a percentage of the weight of the test sample. Normally this percentage will fall within the range 7.5 to 12.5, but if it does not, a further test shall be made at load adjusted as seems appropriate to bring the percentage fines within the range of 7.5 to 12.5.

10. CALCULATION:

Aggregate Crushing Value = (W2 / W1) *100

                                                       14*X
Load required of 10% fines =  --------
                                                        Y+4

Where:
W1 = Total weight of dry sample.
W2= Weight of the fraction passing 2.36mm IS sieve.
X = Load in tones
Y= Mean percentage fines from tow tests at x tones load.

11. CALIBRATION / VERIFICATION:
Periodical Calibration / verification of Weighing balance, Drying Oven and IS Sieves should be conducted. Calibration of Compression Testing Machine should be verified periodically by Proving Ring, which is calibrated by NPL available with the laboratory.

12. SOURCE OF ERROR:
a. Loss of the fines while sieving.
b. Excess of Loading.

13. REPORT:
The Mean of two results shall be reported to the nearest whole number as the “Aggregate crushing Value”

15. SAFETY:
Drying oven or any other electrically operated equipments shall be checked for proper earthling and proper connection etc periodically and always handle by using proper safety equipments accessories and use respiratory mask while sieving.

WATER ABSORPTION, MOISTURE CONTENT & SPECIFIC GRAVITY

• OBJECTIVE:
  DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF COURSE AGGREGATE.
• APPARATUS REQUIRED:
  

1. Balance scale of capacity not less the 3 Kg and accurate to 0.5 gm.
2. Drying oven capable to maintain temperature of 100 to 110 deg. centigrade.
3. Wire basket of not more than 6.3mm mesh.
4. Water container in which the basket may freely suspended.
5. Two dry soft absorbent cotton clothe not less than 75 x 45 cm.
6. Shallow tray of area not less than 650 cm2.

• APPARATUS OPERATING PROCEDURE:
  As per Apparatus Operating Manual (File No.: 22)
• ACCESSORIES:
  Enamel Tray
  Glass Jar
• STANDARDS USED:
  IS 2386 (Part –III) - 1963
• OTHER REFERENCE STANDARDS:
  IS 383 –1970 Specification
• EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
  Balance Scale
  Drying Oven
• MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
  Quantity of sample shall not be less than 2000 g
• ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
  At Ambient temperature & Relative Humidity
• METHOD OF TEST:
  

1. Take about 2 Kg of aggregate and weigh to nearest 0.1 gm. M1
2. Place the aggregate in drying oven for about 24 hours till it attends constant mass.
3. Remove the aggregate from oven cool at room temperature in desiccators and weigh to nearest 0.1 gm. M2
4. Wash thoroughly the sample to remove finer particles and dust.
5. Transfer the sample in wire basket and immersed in distilled water.
6. Remove the entrapped air by dropping the basket 25 times in water container from 25mm above of the water level and immersed for 24  ½ hours.
7. Maintain the water level at least 5 cm above the basket.
8. Maintain the temperature of water 22 to 32 deg.centegrate.
9. The basket and sample then be jolted and weight in water at temperature between 22 to 32C. Note down the reading W3.
10. Transfer the sample in a dry cloth and weigh the empty basket in water Note down the reading W4.
11. Transfer the sample in another cloth for saturated surface dry Note down the reading W2.
12. Transfer the sample in tray and put in oven at a temperature of 100 to 110C for 24  ½ hours.
13. Remove the sample from oven and cooled in airtight container and weigh Note down the reading W1.

• SPECIAL CARE TO BE TAKEN:
  Care shall be taken that the sample should not come in contact of direct heat during saturated surface drying process.
  Sample should not be less during test.
• DO’S & DON’TS:
  Monitor the oven temperature for specified requirement.
  Do not operate the oven by naked hand.
• OBSERVATION:
  Observation Format Ref. No.: QMS/QFT/QCL/071/00
• CALCULATION:

Moisture content % = ((M1- M2)/M2)*100
Specific gravity = W1 / W2 – W
Apparent specific gravity = W1 / W1- W
Water absorption (% of dry weight) = 100(W2 – W1) / W1
Where:
M1= Weight of aggregate as in received condition,
M2= weight of aggregate after drying in oven.
W = Weight in gm of saturated aggregate in water (W3 – W4)
W1 = Weight in gm of oven dry sample in air.
W2 = Weight in gm of saturated surface dry aggregate in air.

Associated Software For Calculation & Report:
Calculator
Computer QC1, QC2, QC3.

REPORT:
The individual and mean result shall be reported.
Size of aggregate shall be stated, and whether it has been artificially heated or not.

• IMPACT VLAUE
• OBJECTIVE:
  DETERMINATION OF IMPACT VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATE.
• APPARATUS REQUIRED:
  

1. Standard impact testing machine as per specification.
2. Cylindrical steel cup internal Diameter 102 mm, Depth 50 mm and thickness not less than 6.3 mm.
   
3. IS Sieve of size 12.5,10 and 2.36mm
   
4. Cylindrical metal measure 75mm Dia. and 50 mm Depth.
   
5. Tamping Rod 10 mm Dia. And 230 mm long rounded at one end.
   
6. Balance accurate to 0.1 gm.
   
7. Thermostatically controlled oven capable to maintain temperature of 100C to 110C.

• APPARATUS OPERATING PROCEDURE:
  As per Apparatus Operating Manual (File No.: B22)
• ACCESSORIES:

1. Spanner
   
2. Screwdriver
   
3. Enamel Tray

• STANDARDS USED:
  IS 2386 (Part – IV) – 1963
• OTHER REFERENCE STANDARDS:
  IS 383 -1970 Specification
• EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
  Balance
  Drying oven
  IS sieve of 10mm, 12.5mm & 2.36mm
• MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
  1Kg Sample Passing through 12.50mm IS Sieve & retained on 10.00mm IS Sieve
• ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
  At ambient temperature & Humidity.
• METHOD OF TEST:
  Oven dries the sample for 4 hour at the temperature of 100C to 110 C.
  Fill the sample in cylindrical measure in equal three layers by tamping 25 strokes in each layer; weigh nearest to 0.1 gm (W1).
  Fix the impact cup firmly on machine base plate and whole test sample placed in it and compact by single tamping of 25 strokes of tamping rod.
  The hammer shall be raised to 380 mm above from the upper surface of aggregate and allow to fall freely, repeat the process for 15 stroke. Each being delivered at an interval of not less than one second. Until no further significant amount passing in one minute.
  Remove the cup from machine base plate.
  Transfer the sample on 2.36 mm IS Sieve in a tray and sieve through it until no further significant amount passing in one minute.
  Weigh the passing sample from 2.36 mm (W2) with an accuracy of 0.1gm.
  
  
• SPECIAL CARE TO BE TAKEN:
  The impact machine shall rest without packing on the plate, block or floor rigidly and hammer guide column shall be vertical.
  Check fully whether the top hook holds the hammer in rest position.

DO’S & DON’TS:
Fix the impact cup tight on the machine plate.
Do not put hand on impact cup or in sample during operation.

OBSERVATION:
Observation Format Ref. No.: QMS/QFT/QCL/071/00

CALCULATION:
Aggregate impact value = (W2 / W1)*100

Where:
W1 = weight of oven dried sample
W2 = weight of fraction passing 2.36 mm IS Sieve.

Associated Software For Calculation & Report:
Calculator
Computer QC1, QC2, QC3 & QC4.

REPORT:
Report the Impact Value results nearest to whole number.

SIEVE ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVE:
DETERMINATION OF PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF COARSE & FINE AGGREGATE.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
I.S Sieves.
Weighing Balance accurate to 0.1% of the weight of test sample.

APPARATUS OPERATING PROCEDURE:
As per Apparatus Operating Manual (File No.: B22)
ACCESSORIES:
Sample collecting Tray
Trowel

STANDARDS USED:
IS 2386 (Part 1) - 1963

OTHER REFERENCE STANDARDS:
IS 383- 1970 (Specification)

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
Weighing Balance
Sieve (All Sizes)

MINIMUM Quantity OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
50 Kg for 40 mm & 25 mm size of Aggregate
25 Kg for 20 mm & 16 mm size of Aggregate
12 Kg for 12.5 mm size of Aggregate & 6 Kg for 10 mm down Aggregate

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
At Ambient Temperature & Reletive Humidity.

• METHOD OF TEST:
  Air-dry the Aggregate Sample at room temperature or by drying in oven at 100 -110 deg centigrade for 4hour’s.
  Clean the sieve before use.
  Sieved successively starting from the largest sieve.
  Shake the sieve separately over clean tray at least for 2 minutes with varied motion backwards and forwards, left and right, clockwise and anticlockwise with frequent jarring.
  Do not force Aggregate with hand pressure through sieve.
  Lumps of the fine particle may break by finger with gentle pressure at the side of sieve.
  Clean retain sample on each sieve should be weigh at the accuracy of 0.1% of weight of test sample.
  

SPECIAL CARE TO BE TAKEN:
Care shall be taken that no parcel should mix with the passing sample, which may fell during sieving fro sieve.

• DO’S & DON’TS:
  Move the sieve with jarring in all direction during sieving.
  Do not press the aggregate with hand pressure on sieve
  Light brushing with fine airbrush for 150 & 75 IS Sieves to prevent aggregation of powder & blinding of aperture.
• OBSERVATION:
  Observation Format Ref. No.: QMS/QFT/QCL/071/00
• CALCULATION :
  As per calculation format

Associated Software For Calculation & Report:
Calculator for immediate calculation.
Computer QC 1, QC 2, QC3 & QC4.

• REPORT:
  Report the % passing or FM nearest to two decimal points.
  

BULK DENSITY AND VOIDS

• OBJECTIVE:
  Determination Of bulk density and voids of aggregate.
• APPARATUS REQUIRED:
  Measuring Cylinder 1No.
  Tamping Rod 1No.
  Balance Capable of weighing 0.5 % of the weight 1No.
  
  
• APPARATUS OPERATING PROCEDURE:
  As per Apparatus Operating Manual (File No.: B22)
  
  
• ACCESSORIES:
  Tray
  Scoop
• 
  STANDARDS USED:
  IS-2386 (Part 3) – 1963
• OTHER REFERENCE STANDARDS:
  IS-383 – 1970 (Specification)
• EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
  Digital Balance
  Measuring Cylinder
• MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
  5Kg to 10Kg depending size of aggregate.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
At ambient condition & Relative Humidity

METHOD OF TEST
Generally the aggregate shall be air dry for the test.
Take the empty weight of measure and record the reading. M1
The measure shall be filled to over flowing by means of a shovel or scoop, the aggregate being discharged from a height not exceeding 5 cm above the measure.
Care shall be taken that there should not be segregation of particle size of which the sample is composed.
The surface of the aggregate shall be leveled by straight edge.
Weigh measure filled with aggregate and record the reading. M2
For roded density the measure shall be filled in three layer about one third with thoroughly mixed aggregate each and tamped 25 strokes with 16 mm diameter and 60cm long rod in each layer.
.

SIZE OF CONTAINER FOR BULK DENSITY TEST
Size of Largest Particles Nominal Capacity litre Inside Diameter cm Insight Height cm Thickness of Metal (Min) mm

4.75mm and under 3 15 17 3.15
Over 4.75mm to 40mm 15 25 30 4.00
Over 40mm 30 35 31 5.00

• DO’S & DON’TS
  Care shall be taken as far as possible, segregation of the particle size of which the sample is composed.
• OBSERVATION:
  Observation Format Ref. No.: QMS/QFT/QCL/071/00
• CALCULATION
  Density kg/litre () = (M2 – M1) / volume of measure
  Percentage of Voids =((Gs - ) /Gs)*100

Where:
M1 = weight of empty measure in kg.
M2 = weight of aggregate + measure in kg.
Gs = Specific gravity of aggregate as per procedure MECH-AGG-001

• Associated Software For Calculation & Report:
  Qc1, QC2, QC3 & QC4
• REPORT
  The bulk density shall be reported in Kg/ lit or Kg/ M3 to the nearest 0.01 kg.and the void % shall reported to nearest whole number.
• TEST REPORT:
  Format Ref Number: QMS/QFT/QCL/078/00
  
  
• PASSING 75 MICRON
• OBJECTIVE:
  DETERMINATION OF SILT CONTENT PASSING 75 MICRON & CLAY LUMPS.
• APPARATUS REQUIRED:
  Weighing Balance accurate to 0.1% of weight of sample.
  Drying oven.
  Frying pan or tray
  IS Sieve 75 micron & 1.18mm IS sieve.
• APPARATUS OPERATING PROCEDURE:
  As per Apparatus Operating Manual (File No.: B22)
• ACCESSORIES:
  Spoon or spatula
  Water container of suitable size.
  
  
• STANDARDS USED:
  IS 2386 (Part- 1) - 1963
• OTHER REFERENCE STANDARDS:
  IS 383 – 1970 (Specification)
• EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
  Weigh Balance
  Oven
  Sieve Size 850. & 75.
• MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
  500 gm random sample
• ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
  At Ambient Temperature & Reletive Humidity.
• METHOD OF TEST:
  Dry the fine aggregate in drying oven not exceeding the temperature 110 C.
  Weigh the sample nearest to 0.1gms (W)
  The sample shall spread in thin layer on the container bottom and examined clay lumps.
  Any particle, which can be broken finally divided particle with fingers, shall be classified as clay lumps.
  Residue from clay lumps shall be removed by the use of sieves 850 micron.
  Passing from 850 micron shall treat as clay lumps. (R)
  Weigh about 200 gm of sample nearest to 0.1% of the test sample. (W1)
  Transfer the sample in 75 micron IS Sieve.
  Shake the sieve containing sand in water container thoroughly by moving it clockwise and anticlockwise, upward and down ward.

Repeat the process by changing the water until whole silt wash away.
Transfer the sample carefully in tray or frying pan and dry.
Cool at ambient temperature and Weigh it nearest to 0.1 gm (W2)

• SPECIAL CARE TO BE TAKEN:
  Care shall be taken that no sample should spill out during transferring the sample from IS Sieve and drying process.
• DO’S & DON’TS:
  Rotate the IS Sieve gently during washing the silt.
  Do not rub the sand with hand during washing.
• OBSERVATION:
  Observation Format Ref. No.: QMS/QFT/QCL/071/00
• CALCULATION:
  % Clay lumps = ((W-R) / W) *100
  % Silt content = ((W1 – W2)/ W1) *100

Where:
W = weight of sample
R = Weight of sample after removal of clay lumps.
W1 = weight of sand before washing the silt.
W2 = weight of sand after washing the silt

• Associated Software For Calculation & Report:
  Calculator
  Computer QC1, QC2, QC3 & QC4.
• REPORT:
  Report the percentage silt content nearest to whole number.
  

Silt Content of Fine Aggregate by Volume

• OBJECTIVE:
  Determination Of Silt Content of Fine Aggregate by Volume.
• APPARATUS REQUIRED:
  Measuring Cylinder 250 ml.
  Salt
• APPARATUS OPERATING PROCEDURE:
  As per Apparatus Operating Manual (File No.: B22)
• ACCESSORIES:
  Spoon
  
  
• STANDARDS USED:
  CPWD Standard.
• OTHER REFERENCE STANDARDS:
  IS 383 – 1970 (Specification)
• EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
  Measuring Jar (250ml.)
• MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
  1 Kg randomly extracted by quartering.
  
• ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
  At ambient temperature & Reletive Humidity
• METHOD OF TEST
  Take the dump sand in measuring cylinder up to 200 ml mark.
  Add water and little salt.
  Shake the measuring cylinder well that the sand level becomes uniform.
  Keep the measuring cylinder in safe place for settlement
  Check the reading in 10 minutes and 3 hours.
• SPECIAL CARE TO BE TAKEN:
  Dry the hand so that the measuring cylinder should not slip from the hand during shaking process.
• DO’S & DON’TS
  Care shall be taken during shaking.
  Do not add excess quantity of salt.

OBSERVATION:
Observation Format Ref. No.: QMS/QFT/QCL/071/00

CALCULATION
Percentage Silt content = (X/Y) X 100
Where:
X= Silt & clay surface after settlement
Y = sand surface after settlement

Associated Software For Calculation & Report:
Calculator
Computer QC1, QC2, QC3 & QC4.

REPORT
Report the % silt content nearest Whole number.

• TEST REPORT:
  Format Ref Number: QMS/QFT/QCL/078/00
  
  
  LOS ANGELAS ABRASSION TEST

OBJECTIVE:
DETERMINATION OF THE ABRASION VALUE BY LOS ANGELES METHOD.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Los Angeles machines 1No.
I.S Sieve 1.7 mm. 1No.
Oven 1No.
Digital Balance 1No.

APPARATUS OPERATING PROCEDURE:
As per Apparatus Operating Manual (File No.: B22)

ACCESSORIES:
Tray
Spanner

STANDARDS USED:
IS-2386 (Part IV) – 1963

OTHER REFERENCE STANDARDS
IS-3:83 – 1970 (Specification)

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
Abrasive Charges
Digital Balance
Oven
I.S.Sieve

MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
5Kg to10Kg depending size of aggregate.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
At Ambient condition & Relative Humidity

METHOD OF TEST:
8. Clean aggregate dried in an oven at 105º C – 110º C to constant weight, conforming to any one of the grading A to G,      as per table used for the test.
9. Aggregate weighing 5kg for grading A, B, C or D and 10kg for grading E, F or G may be taken as test specimen and     placed in the cylinder. (W1)

a. Aggregate weighing 5kg for grading A, B, C or D and 10kg for grading E, F or G may be taken as test specimen and     placed in the cylinder.
b. The abrasive charge is depend on the grading of the aggregate and is placed on the cylinder of the machine as given in      table.
c. The cover is fixed dust-tight.
d. The apparatus is rotated at a speed of the 30 to 33 revolutions per minute. The machine is rotated for 500 revolution      for grading A, B, C and D, for grading E, F or G, it shall be rotated for 1000 revolutions.
e. After the desired number of revolution, the machine is stopped and the material is discharged from the machine taking     care to take out entire stone dust.
f. Coarser Sample shall be separated taking care that no dust should embedded and finer particles pass from 1.7mm IS     sieve and weight. (W2)

SPECIFICATION FOR LOS ANGELES TEST:

SPECIAL CARE TO BE TAKEN:
1. Care shall be taken that the cover of machine should tight properly.

DO’S & DON’TS:
1. Sieve the fraction by using Lid & Pan
2. Avoid sieving in open or airy area.

OBSERVATION:
Observation Format Ref. No.: QMS/QFT/QCL/071/00

CALCULATION:
Los Angeles abrasion value % = ((W1 – W2) / W1) x 100

Where:
W1 = the original weight of aggregate
W2 = weight of aggregate passing from 1.7 mm IS sieve after the test.

Associated Software For Calculation & Report:
3. Calculator
4. Computer QC1, QC2, QC3.

REPORT:
Results of the sample shall be reported as the percentage of wear.

WATER ABSORPTION, MOISTURE CONTENT & SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OBJECTIVE:
DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF FINE COARSE AGGREGATE.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
7.   Balance scale of capacity not less the 3 Kg and accurate to 0.5 gm.
8.   Drying oven capable to maintain temperature of 100 to 110 deg.centegrate.
9.   Pycnometer as per Specification.
10. Shallow tray of area not less than 325 cm2.
11. Filter Paper and Funnel.
12. Air Tight Container large enough to take sample.

APPARATUS OPERATING PROCEDURE:
As per Apparatus Operating Manual (File No.: 22)

ACCESSORIES:
3. Enamel Tray
4. Glass Rod
5. Drier for Surface drying of sand

STANDARDS USED:
IS 2386 (Part –III) - 1963

OTHER REFERENCE STANDARDS:
IS 383 –1970 Specification.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRING CALIBRATION:
3. Balance Scale
4. Drying Oven

MINIMUM SIZE OF SAMPLE REQUIRED:
Quantity of sample shall not be less than 2000 g

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TESTING:
At Ambient temperature & Relative Humidity.

METHOD OF TEST:

14. Take about 500gmKg of fine aggregate finer than 4.75 mm and weigh to nearest 0.1 gm.
15. Plced the sand in the tray and covered with distilled water at temperature of 22 to 32  C.
16. Remove the entrap air or bubble on the surface of the Aggregate by gentle agitation with a rod.
17. The sample shall remain immersed for 24  ½ hour.
18. Drain the water carefully from the sample by decantation through a filter paper, any material remained being return        to the sample.
19. The sample shall be bring to saturated surface dry condition, which can be seen by material just, attains a free        running Condition.
20. Care shall be taken to ensure that this stage is not passed.
21. Weigh the sample nearest to .5 gm. ( A )
22. The aggregate shall than placed in the Pycnometer, which shall be filled with water.
23. Any trapped water shall be eliminated by rotating the Pycnometer on its sides the hole in the apex of the cone being       covered with a finger.
24. The Pycnometer shall be topped up with distilled water to remove any froth from the surface and so that the surface       of the water in the hole is flat.
25. The Pycnometer shall be dried from the out side and weigh to nearest .5 gm. ( B )
26. The Contents of the Pycnometer shall be transferred in the tray, care shall be taken that there should not be any       weight loss during the process.
27. Oven dry the sample at 105  5  C. for 24 hours until it attains constant mass and weigh to nearest .5 gm. ( D )
28. Refill the Pycnometer with distilled water in same weigh to nearest .5 gm ( C )

SPECIAL CARE TO BE TAKEN:
Care shall be taken that the sample should not come in contact of direct heat during saturated surface drying process.
There should not be any weight loss during the process

DO’S & DON’TS:
Monitor the oven temperature for specified requirement.
Do not operate the oven by naked hand.

OBSERVATION:
Observation Format Ref. No.: QMS/QFT/QCL/071/00

CALCULATION:

Specific gravity = D / A – (B – C )
Apparent specific gravity = D / D- ( B – C )
Water absorption (% of dry weight) = 100( A - D) / D
Where:
A = Weight of Saturated surface dry fine aggregate.
B = weight of Fine aggregate + Water + Pycnometer.
C = Weight of Water + Pycnometer.
D = Weight of oven dry sample.

Associated Software For Calculation & Report:
Calculator
Computer QC1, QC2, QC3.

REPORT:
The individual and mean result shall be reported.
Size of aggregate shall be stated, and whether it has been artificially heated or not.